Guidance

Vaccinations and Immunisation Programme

The national arrangements for providing vaccines and immunisations are set out in the General Medical Services Statement of Financial Entitlements Directions – GOV.UK

Changes to the Routine Childhood Vaccination Schedule and Selective Hepatitis B Vaccination Programme

Significant changes have been made to the routine childhood vaccination schedule and to the selective hepatitis B (HepB) programme occurring from 1 July 2025 and 1 January 2026, including the introduction of a new routine vaccination appointment at 18 months of age. Read more about the changes Relevant updates to the Green book can be found here.

Programme changes to routine childhood schedule NHS England

Several resources have been updated and available now to support the changes to the childhood routine schedule, commencing 1st of July:
Childhood immunisation eligibility calculator
There is a Childhood immunisation eligibility calculator which, when you enter the birthdate, the calculator will show which vaccines should be given and at what time.
This calculator assumes vaccinations are administered in line with the routine UK childhood immunisation schedule. It is intended to support clinicians but does not replace clinical judgement or clinical decision making. If any vaccinations are missed, delayed or incomplete, do not use this calculator and instead refer to the UKHSA algorithm document.

2024/25 Programme

April 2024 – NHSE have published the General practice vaccination and immunisation services: standards and core contractual requirements. It is recommended that practices familiarise themselves with this is full.

Update for this year, in brief

  • The IOS Fee remains at £10.06 (despite the GPC suggestion this should be raised to £12.19)
  • share vaccination status (both vaccinated and unvaccinated) with the local Child Health Information Services (CHIS), and any other system nationally required, and support CHIS data cleansing.
  • improve data recording of vaccination status for all patients, including where they have arrived from overseas and where there is an unknown or incomplete history to offer vaccinations in line with the UK Schedule and Green Book.
  • improve data quality for vaccination events. Supported through a rationalisation of SNOMED codes used for vaccination event recording, ensuring practices are using the relevant codes within their clinical system templates; and
  • maintain accurate and up-to-date patient vaccination records, including correcting vaccination records as and when they are made aware of any errors.

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Meningococcal B (MenB)

From 20 July 2026 MenB vaccination should be offered to all eligible cohorts as set out in the Meningococcal B (MenB) time limited vaccination offer letter.

This is a time-limited offer with first doses offered until 31 December 2026 and second doses offered until 31 March 2027.

Community Pharmacies have been commissioned to offer this time-limited programme with first doses offered until 31 December 2026 and second doses offered until 31 March 2027.

 

Eligible patients: for all those with a date of birth between 1 September 2007 and 31 August 2008 (current year 13 age group) and those aged less than 25 years who will be attending undergraduate higher education or living in further education accommodation or halls of residence for the first time in autumn 2026 (hereafter referred to as ‘HERFE entrants’

A guide to Meningococcal B vaccination for eligible young people – GOV.UK

Meningococcal B (MenB) time limited vaccination offer – GOV.UK

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

**RSV Update – September 2026**

From 1 September 2026, the eligibility criteria will be expanded further to include adults aged 65 to 74 years in certain clinical at risk groups as advised by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI):

**RSV update – April 2026**

The government has accepted advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) to expand the eligibility criteria for the older adult RSV vaccination programme to include all those aged 80 years and over and all residents of care homes for older adults from 1 April 2026. NHS England and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) have published a letter on the expansion, outlining the upcoming changes for those responsible for commissioning and operationally delivering the programme.  The Green Book chapter has also been updated to reflect this forthcoming change.

NHSE and UKHSA issued correspondence on 24th June 2024 to introduce two new vaccination programmes for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). This follows recommendations made by JCVI in June and September 2023. There was a national press release made in July 2024:  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/national-rsv-vaccination-programme-announced

Contractual Guidance for RSV was published by NHSE on 9th August 2024.

  1. Programme for Older Adults 
  • 75 years old on or after 1 September 2024 will be eligible for the routine programme and should be offered a single dose of the RSV vaccine on or after their 75th birthday.
  • A one-off catch-up campaign for those already aged 75 to 79 years old on 1 September 2024 should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity with the aim of completing the majority by 31 August 2025.
  • Individuals will remain eligible until the day before their 80th birthday, with the exception of people who turn 80 in the first year who have until 31 August 2026 to get vaccinated.
  • An adult immunisation leaflet for RSV vaccination is now available for download here – RSV vaccine for adults (publishing.service.gov.uk).
  • Co-administration – The UKHSA slide set for delivery of the Oler Person’s Programme includes details on slides 33 and 61.
  • It advises that it is not routinely recommended to co-administer the RSV vaccine with Flu or Covid-19, however, it can be co-administered with Pneumococcal and Shingles.
  • However, they do also say that “If an individual is unlikely to return for a second appointment, or immediate protection is necessary, RSV vaccine can be administered at the same time as influenza and/or COVID-19 vaccination.”

GOV.uk – UKHSA have published Guidance and also a Training Slideset for the Older Adults programme that can be found at:- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) programme: information for healthcare professionals – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

The letter advises that this campaign will be commissioned from general practice as an essential service, starting from 1 September 2024. We are advised by NHSE Public Health Commissioning that this will attract the £10.06 IOS Fee.

In addition, NHS England (NHSE) will be commissioning a number of community pharmacies to deliver the programme.

Details of how the service will be commissioned will be shared via an NHS England deployment note and relevant contracting arrangements will be put in place accordingly.

Practices will be required to undertake call/recall for patients as they become eligible for the programme from 1 September.

Accurate and timely recording of all vaccines given, and good management of all associated documentation, is essential as per the standards set out in the GMS Regulations and Statement of Financial Entitlement (SFE).

 

  1. Programme for pregnant women to protect infants
  • All women who are at least 28 weeks pregnant (the eligible cohort) on 1 September 2024, should be offered a single dose of the RSV vaccine, through commissioned services.
  • After that, pregnant women will become eligible as they reach 28 weeks gestation (and remain eligible up to birth).
  • The ideal opportunity to offer vaccination would be at the 28-week antenatal contact (ANC), following prior discussion at the 20-week ANC.
  • Providers should aim to vaccinate those already eligible on 1 September as soon as possible.
  • It is likely this service will be provided by maternity/antenatal services.
  • Opportunistic or on request GP delivery of immunisations will be commissioned as an essential service in the GP contract. This will attract the £10.06 IOS Fee.
  • Where commissioners may want general practice to routinely provide this service, this will need to be commissioned locally over and above the core opportunistic or on request offer and giving due regard to procurement legislation.
  • Gov.uk – UKHSA have published Guidance and also a Training Slideset for the Pregnant Women for protection of infants programme that can be found at:- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) programme: information for healthcare professionals – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
  • IT –  Maternal Service Providers will use a new NHS Record a Vaccination Service (RAVS) system to record RSV vaccinations. Vaccinations recorded on RAVS will flow coded into the GP clinical record, however, not the other way around. Therefore, users of RAVS will not be able to see vaccinations recorded by GP practices (although they will see a vaccination recorded by other users of RAVS).
    • From 1 September 24, maternity services will be using Record a Vaccination Service (RAVS) to record Pertussis and RSV. Recording in RAVS will enable vaccination events to automatically flow to the GP patient record, as is in place for COVID and flu. This means where pertussis vaccinations are given by another healthcare provider and recorded in RAVS, from 1 September 24, GPs will no longer need to manually add these events to the patient record.
    • The exact time when these vaccination events will be visible in the GP patient record will depend upon GP IT system supplier development. It is anticipated these vaccination events will be visible no later than 11 October, at which point any vaccinations given from 1 September will flow.
    • To note, GP practices administering RSV and pertussis vaccinations to pregnant women will not be required to use RAVS but will continue to record these vaccinations using their usual GP IT system. Additionally, there will be no changes to the flow of pertussis vaccination data from practices onto ImmForm for reporting purposes.

Co-administration

The UKHSA training slide set for pregnant women detail on slides 34,35 & 36 the detailed information on co-administration that advise in summary as follows:-

*Pertussis containing vaccine

  • some evidence suggests that coadministration of RSV and pertussis containing vaccines may reduce the response made to pertussis components. The clinical significance of this is unclear and any impact on protection is likely to be small; the key pertussis toxoid component is least affected
  • giving the vaccines separately at the usual scheduled times (around 20 weeks’ gestation for pertussis (usually given around time of the fetal anomaly scan) and from 28 weeks’  gestation for RSV) will avoid any potential attenuation (weakening) of antibody response to the pertussis containing vaccine
  • if a woman has not received a pertussis containing vaccine by the time she presents for an RSV vaccine, they can and should both be given at the same appointment to provide timely protection against both infections to the infant and to avoid the risk of the woman not returning for a later appointment

Advice on the Public Health Management of Pertussis can be found here.

For Both Programmes

The UKHSA have produced a training and preparation statement to support providers in training staff to give RSV vaccinations.

This document can be found on the Futures page – RSV vaccine programme training summary provided by UKHSA

The Immunisation e-learning now also contains a short module on RSV in the Vaccine preventable diseases section that may also help support understanding on RSV and the vaccination – Immunisation – e-learning for healthcare

This will allow registered health care professionals to vaccinate.

A practice may have suitably trained staff that can work under a PSD. It is important to remember if a prescriber issues a PSD, the prescriber remains both legally and professionally accountable for the delegation of the task to administer the vaccine. The prescriber must be satisfied that the person to whom they have delegated the task of administration, has the qualifications, experience, knowledge, skills and confidence to carry out the task of vaccination.

The Green Book – Chapter 27a is available for detailed clinical guidance on RSV and RSV vaccination.

NHSE have published a RSV vaccination – checklist for GP providers, (via FutureNHS).

Patient information materials will be available on the RSV vaccination programme webpage.

UKHSA RSV Vaccine Special update – July 2024 (published 2nd Aug).

Gov.uk Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination programme – Collection of guidance, documents, leaflets, posters, training slides etc.

RSV Vaccinations | Help Us Help You – Vaccinations | Campaign Resource Centre (dhsc.gov.uk)

Toolkit for stakeholders | RSV Vaccinations | Campaign Resource Centre (dhsc.gov.uk)

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There were a number of changes in the 2023/24 to some programmes.

This includes changes to the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Shingles programmes.

HPV –

  •  move from a two-dose schedule to a one dose schedule for the routine adolescent programme up to the age of 25 years
  • This change will not apply to those who are immunocompromised and those known to be HIV positive for whom the three-dose schedule will remain.
  • There will be a change from a two-dose to a one-dose HPV programme for those aged 14 to 25 years from 1 September 2023 to align with the school’s programme.
  • General practice delivery remains opportunistic or on request. Eligibility remains up to 25 years of age for girls born after 1 September 1991 and boys born after 1 September 2006. This difference is due to the programme for boys being introduced at a later date (2019).

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Shingles

Zostavax is no longer in use for the Shingles vaccination programme. It was replaced in September 2023 and immunisation is now a 2 dose Shingrix vaccination.

It is recommended that you look in detail at the NHS England » Shingles vaccination programme technical guidance  (updated Aug 2024 to V3). NHSE have helpfully highlighted in yellow the version updates.

UKHSA have a Shingles vaccination Guide that you might find useful.

Shingles is also an indicator in QoF – VI004

Points Threshold
VI004. The percentage of patients who reached 80 years old in the preceding 12 months, who have received a shingles vaccine between the ages of 70 and 79 years 10 50-60%

 

There are a number of changes to this programme around cohorts and frequency. With thanks to our colleagues at SE Screening and Imms team who have produced this very handy chart to help with the changes for 2023-24. Click here to download a copy.

NHSE say the expansion of the immunocompetent cohort will be implemented over two five-year stages as follows:

  • first five-year stage (1 September 2023 to 31 August 2028): Shingrix will be offered to those turning 70 and those turning 65 years of age in each of the five years as they become eligible.
  • second five-year stage (1 September 2028 to 31 August 2033): Shingrix will be offered to those turning 65 and those turning 60 years of age in each of the five years as they become eligible.
  • Additionally, practice call/recall for the immunocompromised and immunocompetent cohorts as they become eligible for the programme will be implemented from 1 September 2023, as well as catch-up call/recall for the newly eligible immunocompromised 50-69-year-old cohort.
  • Shingles can be delivered at any time during the year thus enabling practices to manage timing for when the individual is invited and can also be opportunistically delivered if clinically appropriate when an individual attends the practice for another reason.
  • The Shingles GPES extraction will be updated to accommodate these changes.
  • Further information on the programme changes and management of the immunocompetent cohort expansion will be provided in due course.
Shingles Eligibility Calculator – from September 2023

To support practices with the changes to the dose schedule in the shingles vaccination programme, health professionals can use the eligibility calculator to enter a patient date of birth to work out if the patient is eligible for vaccination and if so which vaccine they are eligible for. Please download this Excel calculator to use offline. It is available for download here: UKHSA_12732_Shingles-Eligibility-Calculator-.xlsx

If you have any queries about this tool, please email england.swvast@nhs.net.

Shingles SNOMED codes

The Clinical SNOMED codes shown in the table below should be used by GP practices for the recording of shingles vaccination events for payment purposes.

Shingrix first dose
1326101000000105 Administration of first dose of vaccine product containing only Human alphaherpesvirus 3 antigen for shingles (procedure)
Shingrix second dose
1326111000000107  Administration of second dose of vaccine product containing only Human alphaherpesvirus 3 antigen for shingles (procedure)
Requires shingles vaccination
1730561000000103 Requires vaccination against herpes zoster (finding)

 

UKHSA (previously PHE) Shingles training slides: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/shingles-vaccination-programme

This leaflet describes the national shingles programme, the benefits of the vaccine and who is eligible. There is also a useful poster.

 

 

Our colleagues at the South East Screening and Imms team have put together a very help “Shingles Pack” of information and resources and have kindly allowed us to share.

 

 

 

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Childhood Immunisations

  • As part of the changes to the GP Contract 2023/24 published on 6 March 2023, a new PCA was introduced for VI001, VI002 and VI003 to take into account patients who registered at the practice too late (either too late in age, or too late in the financial year) to be vaccinated in accordance with the UK national schedule (or, where they differ, the requirements of the relevant QOF indicator). For full details on the PCAs and examples, see page 118 onwards of QoF guidance.

Updated PGD’s

Updated PGD’s to reflect the changes to the Immunisation schedule will be available for:

Southwest: NHS England — South West » NHS England South West – Patient Group Direction downloads

South East-  NHS England — South East » South East Patient Group Direction downloads

 

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Measles/MMR

  • In 2023 NHSE advised of a steady rise in measles cases. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has published updated national measles guidelines and resources, with a new slide set for healthcare professionals and support staff in primary care. These guidelines advise how to manage cases of suspected measles, what patient details to take, who to notify and assessing risk of disease spreading in close contacts.
  • UKHSA have produced a number of publications and resources to help with uptake of MMR

 

MMR and measles Programme publications and resources-FINAL

 

 

Other useful Wessex LMC resource: Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) – Wessex LMCs

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Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination Programme

Under the NHS GP Contract, the adult pneumococcal vaccination programme is an essential service therefore practices must offer the vaccine to eligible registered patients.

The pneumococcal vaccination is recommended for the following patient groups:

  • Those aged 65 years or over (single dose)
  • Adults at higher risk of getting seriously ill (At least 1 dose  – some people may need extra doses or regular doses)
  • People experiencing homelessness (from 1st October, 2026)

Further information including who is considered to be high risk can be found here. A copy of the letter confirming the expansion of the programme to include homeless people can be found here.

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Other programmes

The following programmes will continue for 2024/25:

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Vaccines which contain Porcine Gelatine

In the UK routine immunisation programme, there are 3 vaccines that contain porcine gelatine:

  • Fluenz®, the nasal spray vaccine that protects children against flu
  • MMRVaxPro®, a vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella
  • ProQuad®, a vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox

Full guidance, including alternative vaccines, can be found here

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GP Collections Timetable

NHS Digital publish the GP collections timetable on a monthly basis and can be seen at: –  https://digital.nhs.uk/services/general-practice-extraction-service/gp-collections-schedule

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Public Health Contacts for Imms and Screening

NHS England Thames Valley, Hampshire and IoW Public Health Commissioning

NHS England South West Public Health Commissioning – covering BSW and Dorset

Child Health Information Service’s

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SCID, BCG and Rotavirus

UKHSA 1st September 2021 – Changing the timing of the neonatal BCG immunisation programme to a 28-day immunisation programme. Although the BCG is not routinely given in practices, it is helpful to be aware of the process and the SCID screening.

UKHSA have also published a patient pathway flowchart for BCG and SCID which maybe useful.

However, SCID screening does need to be checked before babies have the Rotovirus vaccine. UKHSA have also published a handy guide and a flowchart for practices on how to manage Rotovirus immunisations with regard to SCID.

Further information on these changes can be found in the UKHSA Vaccine update: issue 327, May 2022, SCID, TB and BCG special edition.

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Patient Group Directions

For more advice and guidance on PGDs and PSDs go to: https://www.wessexlmcs.com/patientspecificdirectionspsdsandpatientgroupdirect

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HPV Vaccination Guidance for Healthcare Practitioners

This guidance provides information for healthcare practitioners about the human papillomavirus (HPV) universal programme for adolescents and the HPV for men who have sex with men (MSM) programme. It includes information on eligibility, scheduling and vaccine administration.

Responding to Private HPV Self-sample Tests

The purchase of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling home testing kits is increasing. Results of these private tests will not be acted on by the NHS Cervical Screening Programme (NHS CSP) and cannot be recorded in an individual’s NHS screening record.

If a private test result is positive, the person should be advised that having HPV does not mean they have or will get cervical cancer.

HPV is common; over 80% of the population will get it at some point during their lives.

Individuals eligible for the NHS CSP remain so, even if they have had a private test. Most HPV infections clear themselves without causing problems. If someone has persistent HPV infection, it will be identified when they accept their next NHS CSP invitation.

Cervical cancer usually develops slowly over 10 years in three stages:

1.Infection with HPV

2.Development of abnormal cells if the immune system does not rid the HPV infection

3.Development of cancer if abnormal cells are not treated.

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Childhood Immunisation Resources

The RCN have produced a really useful document on best guidelines in Managing Childhood Immunisation Clinics.

It covers

  • Core areas around immunisations
  • Common vaccination errors
  • The 8Rs to consider prior to giving a vaccine
  • Vaccine storage and ordering and
  • Top tips

 

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  • Is there a requirement under the regulations to prescribe and administer Hepatitis B vaccination for occupational health purposes?

The Regulations requires GPs to manage their patients and defines management as:

  • Offering consultation and, where appropriate, physical examination for the purpose of identifying the need, if any, for treatment or for further investigation
  • The making of such treatment or further investigation as is necessary and appropriate, including the referral of the patient for other services under the Act and liaison with other health care professionals involved in the patient’s treatment and care.

It is the employer’s duty under Health and Safety Legislation to assess whether the provision of Hepatitis B is necessary and therefore a doctor does not have a duty under the Regulations to conduct an examination to determine whether the vaccination is required.

Secondly, in practise, it would be very difficult for a GP to know whether provision of the vaccination is necessary and appropriate, in the absence of guidance from an appropriate specialist.  In the absence of such guidance, it would not be appropriate for the GP to provide the vaccination under the Regulations.

There is therefore no obligation under the regulations governing GP contracts to administer such vaccinations for occupational reasons.  Patients should be referred to the Employer’s Occupational Health Department. 

The same applies for students (including healthcare students) who often request a Hepatitis B immunisation prior to, or on entering, a course.  Universities and Medical Schools are legally responsible for providing a full occupational health service to their students (which should include appropriate training e.g. in risk reduction and coping with needle stick injuries).  By providing a Hepatitis B immunisation, a GP could place inexperienced healthcare students at risk by providing a false sense of security and potentially exposing them to clinical risk of other blood borne infections including HIV and Hepatitis C before they have received appropriate training.

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  • Does a Doctor have a professional duty to administer the Hepatitis B vaccination for occupational health purposes if the patient is clearly at risk?

Under Health and Safety Legislation, it is the employer who has responsibility for undertaking an Occupational Health assessment and taking action as appropriate.  It is therefore the employer’s duty, to ensure that an ‘at risk’ employee does not work unless they have been appropriately vaccinated.  The GPC view is that it would be very rare for a patient to be at imminent risk as this could be avoided by not working.

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  • Can the patient be charged a fee by the GP for giving the Hepatitis B vaccination?

The Regulations forbids a practice from demanding or accepting a fee from any of its registered patients, including accepted temporary residents, for the provision of any treatment except in certain specific circumstances.

However, Schedule 5 of the GMS Regulations (Schedule 3 for PMS and APMS) lists the circumstances in which a fee can be charged and these clearly state that the only circumstance for immunisation is for an immunisation which is requested in connection with travel abroad.

Workers at risk will be unlikely to request Hepatitis B vaccination solely in connection with travel abroad.

The Regulations only apply to registered patients.  Therefore, a practice could charge a fee to patients who are not registered at the practice BUT remember you would be providing the vaccination without a full occupational health assessment.

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  • Can the GP charge the employer for providing Hepatitis B vaccination as a private service?

A practice can choose to enter into a private contract with an employer to provide this service either to a group of employees or for a single employee.  The practice would need to carefully consider the nature of the service required for the employees e.g. whether a full occupational health assessment would be necessary.   This will include necessary blood tests and follow up titres.

This may mean that it would involve treating patients, which are registered with your practice.

If a practice enters into such a contract with an employer, it will not be accepting a fee from the registered patients, but the employer.

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  • Who should be charged for blood tests that are necessary to assess immunity status?

Hospital laboratories are likely to charge the practice for any blood tests that are required to assess immunity status.

Practices cannot charge a registered patient for phlebotomy or laboratory fees however if the practice has entered into a contract with the employer to provide this service, any costs for such tests should be charged to the employer or included in the original Contract Service Level Agreement (SLA).  If the latter does not apply, the employer should be forewarned of, and agree to pay, these costs (but it would be best to include these costs in the SLA negotiations at the outset).

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  • Can the GP issue a certificate to the patient for which they, or their employer, can be charged a reasonable fee?

The certificate would indicate that the patient

(a) has been vaccinated against hepatitis B
(b) has/has not sero converted.

This is permissible as far as the Regulations are concerned, but the purchaser would obviously have to agree to pay for the certificate.  There will be no obligation to pay a fee for such a certificate unless the recipient has implicitly agreed to pay by requesting that it be produced. However, with the advent of online access to records, a patient would be able to view their vaccinations and blood tests, so could use this to demonstrate their status if required, possibly negating the need for a certificate.

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  • References and Further Reading

Please see below link to information on BMA website:-

https://www.bma.org.uk/advice-and-support/gp-practices/vaccinations/hepatitis-b-vaccinations – There is a downloadable guide on their webpage that is particularly useful.

Model letters which can be provided to patients and employers who request a Hepatitis B vaccination for occupational health purposes.

Template letter for your patient (employee) to take to their employer

Template letter for outside agencies to advise them of your charging structures

Hepatitis B immunisation information for public health professionals.

Hepatitis B: the green book, chapter 18 – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

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MMR For Practice Staff

Please see our webpage on Occupational Health for GPs and Practice Staff

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